Custom objects and Standard Objects in Salesforce.com will have internal record ID. Internal record Id for all custom objects and Standard Objects like Opportunity, Account, Contact and so on will have only 15 digit ID number by default.
15 digit Id number will have numeric digits range from (0-9), a Lowercase letter(a-z) or a Uppercase letters(A-Z). 15 digit ID in salesforce.com is case sensitive. Example 100000000000ABC is different from 100000000000abc. When using external tools like Microsoft Excel, MS Access and SQL Server external ID’s are not case sensitive and they don’t recognize the difference between 100000000000ABC and 100000000000abc.
Salesforce.com has recognized this problem and Salesforce.com has established 18 digit character insensitive ID. This 18 Digit ID is case insensitive which is formed by adding a suffix to the 15 Character Id number.
Also, Salesforce.com recommends that you use the 18-character ID.
You can use the below formula to convert 15 digit ID to 18 digit ID.
=CONCATENATE(B2,
MID("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ012345",(
IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,1,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,1,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,2,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,2,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,3,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,4,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,4,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,8,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,5,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,16,0),0)
+1),1),
MID("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ012345",(
IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,6,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,1,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,7,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,2,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,8,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,4,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,9,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,8,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,10,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,16,0),0)
+1),1),
MID("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ012345",(
IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,11,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,1,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,12,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,2,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,13,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,4,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,14,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,8,0),0)
+IFERROR(IF(FIND(MID(B2,15,1),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")>0,16,0),0)
+1),1))
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